Saturday, May 9, 2009

14.18 (Requesting A Reference)

Dear Professor Henigan:

Recently I was interviewed for the position of Chief Computer Programmer of Initech. At an earlier date, you agreed on helping me out with finding a new job. I am now asking you to write a letter of recommendation to Initech.

The position calls for good organizational skills, dealing with different programming departments, writing, prior computer programming experience, and of course people skills. To help you review my technical skills and training for the job, I have enclosed my resume. As you may recall, I was the top student in your computer information systems class. You commended me by receiving first place in North Carolina for Java Programming and received 4th place in Nationals in Dallas, TX.

Please send your letter to Mrs. Jonasz at Initech before June 1 in the enclosed stamped, addressed envelope. I am so thankful for your support throughout all these years, and I promise to let you know how the job search went.

Sincerely,

Andrew E. Chapel

14.12 (Knowing What to Ask)

Interview Questions to Ask Interviewer


Where do you see the company at in 5 years, as a professional business?

Is travel required? If so, is it compensated through a special rate?

Can you break down the job position a little more? What exactly will I being doing in details?

What exactly draws you to stay in the company even after the 9/11 cutbacks?

Custom Casual Clothing (Business Proposal)

Custom Casual Clothing

201 Anjung-ni
Anjung-ri, South Korea 96271
www.ccc.com

April 27, 2009

Mrs. Rosa Jonasz
Bldg S-300 Camp Humphreys
APO AP, 96271

Dear Mrs. Jonasz:

Helping you support your troops is one of our highest priorities at Custom Casual Clothing. That is why we are pleased to submit the following proposal outlining our plan to help you in having a higher moral and more pleased soldier through our custom wears.

Background and Goals

Custom Casual Clothing has been a well-profiting store for over a year now. The business has become very popular in the "Urban" wear and design section. Having your favorite type of jeans or custom made shirts tailored to you is what we are all about. Our goal is to continue doing our business with the normal economical growth and to start an online portion to our business to attract new customers and to also maintain our customer's loyalty when they leave the country. When the store opens in or around the PX, our customers that we bring will also want to look around at the other vendors and the food court.

Proposed Plan

Custom Casual Clothing is oriented to the more youth and up-to-date on custom-wears and fashion. It is true that the PX and such businesses on post provided clothing and other items that the soldier needs. However, the physical stature of each soldier in the army is different and needs a more specific type of sizes. Not only is size important for the differently shaped soldier of the future, but the style is but our highest priority as well.

The PX, however, does not provide everything that the soldier of today wants. In our business, we will help provide the PX with moral boosters in fashion and design. Through our experience of the latest fashion and wears, we have come up with a business plan that will not only help us, but in the long run help you out too.

We need to move our business from off post to a more central location to the customers on post. By providing us a small area, perhaps 15' by 10', we can start doing business on post and start helping the local businesses in the PX area. By providing us a place of business before June 1st, a 10% of total sale for the first month will go back to the soldiers and youth communities. At the end of the year 25% of the total profit will go back into the community to the soldier.

Schedule

With your approval, the following schedule has been arranged in accordance with post guidelines and PX hours:






United States and Korean Holidays will be discussed and announced later in the monthly meetings with the PX supervisor. Staffing schedules included, but are not limited to the following:






Staffing

Custom Casual Clothing is recognized for its small business type of comfort. As an entrepreneur and small business, we are confident that we can continue to operate our business on post with very minimal help until the business starts to profit more. We will still keep our Korean employees to help maintain our economy and to keep with the percentage of Korean percentage of hires on post as well.

Our sales personnel has done wonders off post and is very friendly with our repeat customers. There has also been little to no problems with our alterations personnel in making what the customer wants according to size and special measurements.

We will be providing a new service as we do our Grand Opening in our new local PX location. This service will be the new online store at www.ccc.com. We have just hired a new, young, and bright web designer to help in operating and maintaining our website.

Assisting in the differentials of business with the local store and the online store, an accountant will be needed to work with the bank in through the transactions online and from the store. The accountant will also be in close contact with the PX supervisor to help with local store costs.

Custom Casual Clothing will need clientele. We understand that in order to get clientele, we need to understand the customer and its wants. A Promotional Advertiser is needed to help us with the current wave of promotions, coupons, and deals by knowing what is going on with the local and online dealers and stores.

Budget

The overall budget is an estimation of the yearly expenses. These expenses include, but do not limit, salary of employees, cost of wear and tear on machines and upkeep, and clothing.

The following are charts of the budget flow:

Salary



















Expenses

















Total Cost



















Expected Income

Expected income is the amount that we project the new location will make in conjunction with the new online store. Expected sales are calculated through the previous yearly sales along with monthly promotions and normal yearly sales guidelines. The following are expected market sales for the fiscal year of 2009:


















Profit












After Profit 25% to PX











Conclusion

We are convinced that your soldiers will enjoy our professionally designed and tailored clothing. We will continue servicing the local post as is with much enthusiasm and support. The offer stands at 10% going back into the post and youth communities until June 1 for the first month.

Sincerely,


Andrew Chapel, Owner

Wednesday, May 6, 2009

12.1 Franklin D. Roosevelt Inauguration Speech

DATE: 5 MAY 2009

TO: Mrs. Jonasz

FROM: Andrew Chapel, Lawrence Brown, Mark King

SUBJECT: Speech Summery (FDR "Fear Speech")


The great thing about Franklin D. Roosevelt was the way he captivated his audience into the whole understanding and main points. At the time, FDR had to be the most visionary person for the nation and his goals was stretched out so good that he was one of the few men who served four terms to accomplish his goals in the time of great need in the country.

A. FDR introduced himself by speaking of the audience, the people of the United States. The start of the speech indicated that he was concerned with the people by going straight into the subjects of peril of the United States to grab the attention to the audience. Through the body of the speech, FDR kept emphasizing and explaining the problems that the nation is undergoing and what we need to do to help the situation.

B. The overall organization of the speech was excellent. You can tell in his speech because he did not stop at all. Another indication was that he was very ready for the speech with the knowledge of his vocabulary. You can tell that when he did look down at his summary inauguration, that he didn't stare at it. This means that he only wrote down keywords and had memorized his speech.

C. FDR was a man who used the verbal signposts to help create coherence in the speech. The raising and lowering of his voice at the right times and right words was a definite signpost. His pausing of speech between words was to help emphasize the subject even more.

D. Franklin D. Roosevelt had many main points. Of course, his message was to point out what the nation needs to do first before we can succeed in our goals. His introduction is what he was best recognized for. "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself". Another point is the going over the "Good Neighbor" policy through world policies and friendship. Some of the biggest ones are to emphasize the importance of creating jobs and helping farmers out in the 48 states.

E. The supporting facts of the speech were clearly stated after each point was made. For instance, when he said was telling the problem of farm jobs, he stated about how the farmers cannot find markets to which to sell to. He also endured the fact that money does not make people happy. It is the achievement of which they will have once the mission is completed.

F. In the overall speech, more or less, what FDR was trying to convey to the audience is that the benefits of their fruits of labor to the overall good of the nation is the benefits that will be displayed. He also conveyed that it will be a long hard road, but together, with the understanding of what will come and what needs to be done, that this benefits the nation and its people overall.

G. Franklin D. Roosevelt gave out a lot of enthusiasm during his speech. You can tell by his change of tone in his voice. Another way is how he trembled in emotion when he spoke. However, his opening statement and "fear" speech started me out as interested in his speech. I was stricken with hope that this man could help out our nation and that his sincere speech and dedication was exactly what the country needed.

Many people can view the visual speech and hear Franklin D. Roosevelt on the website www.youtube.com. It is best understood when you read his speech as he is speaking it to understand the importance of his speech and how he was a good deliverer of one of the most famous speeches in the twentieth century. The need of the nation is of the up most importance to the president and is well conveyed in his message, through the dire need of his appointment in history.

Sunday, May 3, 2009

11.6 AGENDA

AGENDA
Associated Students Organization (ASO)
Staff Meeting
May 2, 2009
3 to 4 p.m.
Conference Room, 3rd Floor

I. Call to order; roll call.
II. Approval of agenda
III. Approval of minutes from previous meeting

Person Proposed Time
IV. Committee report

A. Speakers Bob 5 Minutes

B. Business recruiters Jill 10 Minutes

C. Publicity Harold 5 Minutes

D. Reservations of campus space Ashley 5 Minutes

E. Setup of booths Mike 10 Minutes

F. Other (Open) 10 Minutes

V. Old Business
A. Last Meeting Minutes Debra 5 Minutes

VI. New Business
A. Open Ideas (Open) 10 Minutes

VII. Announcements
VIII. Chair's summary, adjournment



Introductory Remarks

Thanks for attending the meeting of Associated Students Organization or ASO. In this meeting we will discuss preparations for a career day this spring. We have a few, but yet important topics to be covered today. Please give each speaker the attention needed to keep the meeting moving as quickly as possible. Thank you.

Monday, April 27, 2009

Company E-Mail and Web Use Policy 9.9

DATE: July 19, 2009
TO: Mrs. Maria Jonasz, Vice President
FROM: Mr. Andrew Chapel, Financial Entrustee
SUBJECT: Company E-Mail and Web Use Policy

Employer’s rights to monitor internet and e-mail usage; in accordance with United States law grants the authority to intercept and abolish misuse of unacceptable web applications. Within the last quarter management has noticed a decrease in productivity, possible liability and security risks due to negligent internet use. Offensive behavior on computers can lead to bigger problems in the firm, and ultimately undermine our reputation. To improve on the aforementioned issues, I recommend we do the following:

· Banned Personal Web Usage
· Hold Monthly Computer Etiquette Courses

Banned During Work Hours

During the hours of 9:00a.m.-5:00p.m. personal usage of company computers is strictly prohibited. Employees who wish to use the system for private use may do so only during lunch shifts. This will take place in a central location located in the facility. By allowing each employee the privileged of personal web usage at their assigned break period, production in the firm will increase by 20%. This gives us a critical advantage over our competitors who will still lack the volume of clientele we posses; enabling longevity for the employee and the possibility of promotions and pay raises.

Workplace Etiquette

On the last Friday of each month our financial firm will hold training on proper computer courtesies.
These classes are to include but are not limited to:

· Sexual Harassment
· Netiquette
· Security Policies on Websites

A direct benefit to the firm of the program is a more knowledgeable employee, limited company expenses, and a larger asset hold. The class can be used as a training tool for future new hires in the business, and be packaged and sold to our competition after success is achieved.

Offensive behavioral patterns have no home in the work environment, implementing a ban on web usage and introducing a class on proper etiquette saves the firm money in the future, as a result better employees exist and ensure the limit on company expenses succeeds.

Andrew Chapel,Lawrence Brown

Business Proposal Outline

Custom Casual Clothing

201 Anjung-ni
Anjung-ri, South Korea 96271
www.ccc.com

April 27, 2009

Mrs. Rosa Jonasz
Bldg S-300 Camp Humphreys
APO AP, 96271

Dear Mrs. Jonasz:

Helping you support your troops is one of our highest priorities at Custom Casual Clothing. That is why we are pleased to submit the following proposal outlining our plan to help you in having a higher moral and more pleased soldier through our custom wears.

Background and Goals

Custom Casual Clothing has been a well-profiting store for over a year now. The business has become very popular in the "Urban" wear and design section. Having your favorite type of jeans or custom made shirts tailored to you is what we are all about. Our goal is to continue doing our business with the normal economical growth and to start an online portion to our business to attract new customers and to also maintain our customer's loyalty when they leave the country. When the store opens in or around the PX, our customers that we bring will also want to look around at the other vendors and the food court.

Proposed Plan

Custom Casual Clothing is oriented to the more youth and up-to-date on custom-wears and fashion. It is true that the PX and such businesses on post provided clothing and other items that the soldier needs. However, the physical stature of each soldier in the army is different and needs a more specific type of sizes. Not only is size important for the differently shaped soldier of the future, but the style is but our highest priority as well. The PX, however, does not provide everything that the soldier of today wants. In our business, we will help provide the PX with moral boosters in fashion and design. Through our experience of the latest fashion and wears, we have come up with a business plan that will not only help us, but in the long run help you out too. We need to move our business from off post to a more central location to the customers on post. By providing us a small area, perhaps 15' by 10', we can start doing business on post and start helping the local businesses in the PX area. By providing us a place of business before June 1st, a 10% of total sale for the first month will go back to the soldiers and youth communities. At the end of the year 25% of the total profit will go back into the community to the soldier.

Schedule

Schedule for 2 sales personel and 2 alterations personel.

Staffing

2 Sales personal – $8.00/hr, 45 hours a week and 36 hours a week.
2 Alterations Personnel - $7.00/hr 45 hours a week and 36 hours a week.
Web Designer - $20,000 yearly salary
Accountant - $25,000 yearly salary
Promotional Personnel - $15,000 yearly salary

Budget


Store Rental - $0.00
Power/Lights - $0.00
Machinery Upkeep - $1,000.00
Accounting Software - $2,000.00
Promotional Costs - $5,000.00
Web Site - $7,500.00
Clothing - $45,000.00

Conclusion

We are convinced that your soldiers will enjoy our professionally designed and tailored clothing. We will continue servicing the local post as is with much enthusiasm and support. The offer stands at 10% going back into the post and youth communities until June 1 for the first month.

Sincerely,


Andrew Chapel, Owner

Wednesday, April 22, 2009

Assignment #2: Team Project

CITY OF CHARLOTTESVILLE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
209 5th St NECharlottesville, VA 22902(434) 295-0490
www.cvillechamber.org

April 19, 2009

Rosa Jonaz
Central Texas College
Bldg S-300 Camp Humphreys
APO AP, 96271

Dear Mrs. Jonasz:

Subject: Your April 10 Inquiry about Charlottesville, Virginia.

Yes Charlottesville, Virginia is a wonderful city that has many opportunities to take advantage of. The city is home to many businesses, shops, family activities, as well as a world class research university: University of Virginia. Below are some of the many attractions and details of the city are listed:

1. The homes of former presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, known as Monticello and Montpelier, respectively, are examples of wonderful history and architecture located in the area.

2. The Downtown Mall of Charlottesville is home to over 120 shops and 30 restaurants.

3. Charlottesville Pavilion is conveniently located in the Downtown Mall area. Over
the past four years it has become a performance arts center piece and regularly hosts national and local perfomers.

4. Virginia Discovery Museum is one more staple of the downtown area. It is a
children’s science museum that offers many interactive exhibits for the whole family.

5. University of Virginia is a national research institute as well national historic
Landmark. There are tours offered of the famous rotunda designed by former president Thomas Jefferson.

Charlottesville is well known for its professionalism in business performance. In April of 2008, Forbes Magazine rated Charlottesville as the 9th Best Small City in the United States to do business. According to Fortune Small Business, Charlottesville was ranked 1st in Virginia and 24th in the nation for economic growth. The recently built Downtown Mall has many shops.

Charlottesville is well known for its educational system also. For your children's benefits, we are types are schools are listed below:

1. Six elementary schools

2. One upper elementary school

3 One middle school

4. One high school

5. University of Virginia

Charlottesville also has many education centers with programs such as General Education Diploma (GED) and English as a Second Language (ESL).

Charlottesville is also well known for its outstanding transportation system. The city has an airport, which carries four major airlines. Located conveniently downtown is the Amtrack Train Station. Other types of transportation include local cab companies and Trolleys. The Trolleys are a major attraction and is also free to ride.

Please enjoy our free brochure enclosed with this letter.

Sincerely,



Terrance Koppen,
Andrew Chapel
Charlottesville Welcoming Committee

Enclosure




References

WWW Charlottesville town information (n.d.). Retrieved April 17 2009 from http://www.charlottesville.org/

WWW Charlottesville schools (n.d.). Retrieved April 17 2009 from http://www.ccs.k12.va.us/

Monday, April 20, 2009

Case Activity 6.13 (Andrew and Hersey)

S-300 Freedom Dr
APO AP 96271
April 20, 2009


Mr. Apa Blogger, Customer Service
Century 21
2945 18th Street
Chicago, IL 34024

Dear Mr. Blogger:

Please replace my dishwasher unit with a cabinet.

Upon purchasing the house in January, I began to notice that the water from the sink was backing up into the dishwasher. This, in turn, was causing a leak on the floor. I would like this dishwasher unit removed and a site survey done on damages of the unit, prior to installing the new cabinet.

Please recognize the problem with the dishwasher and inform me at the address above. I am enjoying the hose and its features and will tell my friends about the wonderful services that you have provided.

Sincerely,


Andrew Chapel

Sunday, April 19, 2009

Assignment #1: Memo

MEMORANDUM


DATE: April 18, 2009

TO: All Employees

FROM: Andrew E. Chapel, General Manager

SUBJECT: NEW WORK-LIFE POLICY


A new policy will be implemented with you in accordance with the concept of work-life. This is to reduce absenteeism, staff turnover rates, and to improve productivity. Work-life is a theory based on the concept that if home life is balanced, then employees will be happier and more concentrated on their work. These benefits will help improve the quality assurance of your work. Benefits include:

1. Discounted prices at Happy Child Daycare.

2. Family Organizational Day (Once a quarter).

3. Maternity Leave for men.

4. New Insurance plan.

5. Flexible work schedules.

6. Make-up time (For those who need to attend to personal business but need the hours).

Following these new benefits will improve the quality of life for the employee resulting in more stable employment and improved production. Contact your local Department Manager to discuss any of these new benefits, especially flexible work schedules before May 1, 2009.

APA TECHNOLOGIES
105 INDUSTRIAL DR
GREENSBORO, NC 26262
1-336-555-2342
www.apatechnologies.com

Sunday, April 12, 2009

5.8 Information E-Mail or Memo: Planning for Important Milestone

Date: 13 April 2009

To: Employees

From: Margaret Tilly, Coordinator of Employee Resources

Subject: Retirement Planning Sessions

Retirement is an important milestone in your life and we are aware that many employees do not have sufficient information that relates to your retirement style. Questions and Answers will be seen in the sessions to come. You only need to attend on one of the dates provided.

Topics: Health, Financial Needs, Family Responsibilities, and Income from Outside Sources.

Location: Company Cafeteria

Dates: November 17, November 30, and December 7.

Times:
Class: 4PM - 6PM
Dinner: 6PM-7PM
Class: 7PM - 8PM

Speakers: Company Benefits Supervisor, a Financial Planner, and a Psycologist.

Tuesday, April 7, 2009

Chapter 3 Homework

16. (fragment) Although they began as a side business for Disney, Destination Weddings now represent a major income source.

18. (comma splice) Weddings may take place in less than one hour; however, the cost may be as much as $5,000.

20. (run-on) Many couples prefer a traditional wedding, but others request a fantasy experience.

22. B, because it is more specific in advertising costs.

24. A, because it is straight to the point.

26. B, because it goes straight to the date.

28. B, because it although is a less emphazing word.

30. B, because tabulation makes it stand out.

32. In North and South Carolina, laws were passed prohibiting the use of social security numbers as identification in order to protect students.

34. The Memphis hub scanns millions of packages nightly.

36. Your order cannot be shipped until May 5.

38. Damage to rental cars is not covered until the policy.

40. To improve listening skills, you should stop talking, your surroundings should be controlled you should listen for main points, and you should keep an open mind.

42. Our newly hired employee has started using the computer, and learning her coworkers' names.

44. Our new telecommunications software has three features:
1) Meeting customers over the Internet.
2) Web-based meetings.
3) Online collaboration within virtual teams.

46. The application for a grant asks for 3 things:
1) Funds required for employee salaries.
2) Expected spending costs on equipment.
3) Length of the project.

48. You must purchase a ticket to win the lottery.

50. Strolling along the Las Vegas strip, you see the exciting Mandalay Bay.

52. As a result of slamon making their nauunal spawning runs, Fishermen pump money into the local economy by renting rooms, filling estaurants, and buying supplies from stores and shops in the region.

54. Since employees hate turning out poor products, they make a special effort to do it right the first time to reduce recurring problems and returns for corrections.

Sunday, April 5, 2009

Audience Benefits and the "You" View

23. It is best if you take our safety course before we rent our power equipment to you.

24. In order for your large checks to be processed for immediate payment, it is best you verify us of the payment in order to deter possible stolen identity schemes in your name.

25. You need to complete and return the enclosed card in order to update your customer records and to also avoid receiving furhter duplicate mailings.

26. You can enjoy a two-night getaway package to Orlando which includes your hotel accommodations, Plesure Island tickts, and complimentary breakfasts for only $139 per person.

27. In order to enjoy a good schedule this summer for your vacations you need to complete the enclosed questionnaire.

28. You can improve your writing skills if you take the in-house training program.

29. You can only get store credit on returned merchandise.

30. You can receive a free iPod if your instructor had requested it as a learning tool.

Selecting Communication Channels

16. There is a time limit on when the brochure has to be completed by. It is best if you go to Elizabeth in Reprographics personally and deliver the message and tell her about the time constraint to finish the brochure. Face-to-face is best in this scenario also because Elizabeth is also close to your location.

17. You do not want to keep a prospective clien in a different country waiting for a long time about your prices, because this can hurt relationships and your current business. It is best that after you get the price quotes, you should make a phone call right back immediately to inform the client.

18. In this scenario, it would be better to do face-to-face group meetings. You have a lot of information to gather from your colleagues and co-workers about the internship program for nearby colleges and universities. In the group meeting, you can then discuss the best way to advertise this internship after all the information about the internship has been assimulated.

19. The right choice to make on this instance all depends on the information gathered. It didn't give you time restraint on when you need to talk to the IRS. If it did, then perhaps a telephone call would be advised. However, since it did not, a simple letter back to the IRS is sufficient enough for now.

20. From previous experience, telling someone bad news is always best when you tell them face-to-face. This is unavoidable in the military. You have to always communicate verbally. However, if it becomes a big problem, you should also put it down on paper as a report later on for official records of the incidents.

21. Thanks to technology today, it is much more cheaper and sensable to do a video-conferencing in this case. Everyone is far apart, however, they still need to have important meetings. I've done this myself. This is a very helpful technology to use in business nowadays.

22. As a manager, telling everyne in your staff is always best to do in a face-to-face group meeting. This way, if someone didn't understand it completely, they have other people who heard the same thing and is willing to help others in the aspects of the meetings. Telling everyone individually is a waste of time and everyone will have a different prospective of what you told them.

Introduction

My name is Andres. I was born in raised in North Carolina. I took 2 years of college in computer information systems and computer science while in High School. However, my state never approved it as college credit; yet strangely, now they do. I am well versed in computers. Right now I am in my second year for an Associate's Degree in Applied Management. I have about five more classes to go to finish it. This class is of course recommended to finish my study. However, it is always good to understand business writing a little more because the army has it own type of professional writing in things such as memorandums. My goal is to have a better acknowledgement and understandment of writing in the business world.
I chose Applied Management as an associates instead of general studies, because I believe it helps more when you go to get your bachelor's degree. General Studies only shows you took enough courses of different things just to get to your bachelor's degree. However, I was hoping to complete a Bachelor's Degree in either Computer Science or Computer Information Systems. In today's world you are no longer focused on just computers. You also have to be well rounded about business and how to employ your projects in the best business sense available and economically too. I've always loved business, so my associates degree helps me get a step ahead of my competition in life.
There are many specific reasons and goals for future employment within my field, however, I am not taking these classes or degree's just because I want better employement later on in life. I am in the Army for another five years. Having a degree or two puts you that much more ahead of your appears in promotion and selections for certain openings in jobs in the military. Not only will I benefit in the future with the associate's and bachelor's degree, but I will also benefit in the present career that I am in right now.

Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Unit 1 Chapter 1

1.10

If I were the director of this hotel, I would implement a training program for employees. The traning program would not only include the foreign managers, but it would also include the employees. Since approximately 90 percent of the hotel guests are non-Thai, then one of the biggest topcis would be learning the culture of the ajor types of customers. For instance, for a beautiful and wonderful hotel, normally the more rich type of people of the Western World would come. The program would include how to please the customer by learning about deadlines and customer service. Another would be to learn about western culture and how to respond to complaints. It is probably not in the Thai's culture to say no a lot or even to disagree with a boss, even if they are wrong. A management traning program would need to introduce classes on confidence and team-building exercises. I would also hire some translators to be on duty at all times to help with any kind of problem that the customer's cross culture differences and language differences might be. Classes on effective listening and body language of foreigners would be a great help also.

1.12

Reebok would benefit by diversifying its staff for many reasons. On the legal note of hiring, they could avoid a lawsuit about the population of a certain ethnicity group. Another benefit is introducing different cultures into the company. Customers also like the diversity because they can deal with companies that respect their values and create products and services that fit their needs. When businesses hire people from different cultures, the experiences from those people can help create better ideas and products. Having your company abroad in the world can be a challenge. Hiring people who speak that language and understand the culture is key to success in the global economy of today.